Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decrease in the bone mass with decreased density and enlargement of bone spaces producing porosity and fragility. It is highly prevalent in India and patients with osteoporosis-related fractures are commonly seen in orthopedic settings. This module describes the various aspects of osteoporosis, from its causes to its management. A special emphasis on clinical implications of osteoporosis in surgical intervention for bone fractures has also been laid.